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flat licence

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1 безусловная лицензия

flat licence

Banks. Exchanges. Accounting. (Russian-English) > безусловная лицензия
2 безусловная лицензия

1) Advertising: flat licence

2) Patents: flat license

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > безусловная лицензия
3 Pauschalkauf

Pauschalkauf
bulk purchase, purchase in the bulk, per aversionem (lat.);
• Pauschalleistung (Sozialversicherung) flat-rate benefit;
• Pauschallizenz (Patentrecht) block licence;
• Pauschalmiete flat rent;
• Pauschalpolice floating (block, general, unvalued, US) policy, open cover (policy, Br.), (Feuerversicherung) blanket policy;
• Pauschalprämie flat (flat-rate) bonus, (Versicherung) flat-rate premium;
• Pauschalprämiensystem flat-bonus system;
• Pauschalpreis flat rate (price), price in the lump, lump[-sum] (blanket, bulk, allround, inclusive, package) price, inclusive terms;
• zu Pauschalpreisen on inclusive terms, by the job, for a lump sum;
• dreiprozentige Pauschalprovision flat 3% commission;
• Pauschalregulierung lump-sum settlement.

Business german-english dictionary > Pauschalkauf
4 Kraftfahrzeug

Kraftfahrzeug n (Kfz) GEN vehicle, motor vehicle
* * *

n (Kfz) < Geschäft> vehicle, motor vehicle

* * *
Kraftfahrzeug
motor vehicle, [motor]car, auto, automobile (US);
• teils geschäftlich teils privat genutztes Kraftfahrzeug car used partly during employment and partly privately;
• privates Kraftfahrzeug private car;
• zugelassenes Kraftfahrzeug legally operating automobile (US);
• neu zugelassene Kraftfahrzeuge new car registrations;
• Kraftfahrzeug der Mittelklasse economy car;
• Kraftfahrzeug abmelden to cancel a motorcar registration;
• Kraftfahrzeug anmelden to register a motor vehicle;
• Kraftfahrzeug im Zustand der Trunkenheit fahren to drive a car while intoxicated;
• Kraftfahrzeug führen to drive a car, to operate a motor vehicle (US);
• unfallsicheres Kraftfahrzeug mit niedrigen Reparatureigenschaften kreieren to design a car with lower accident and repair-cost potential;
• Kraftfahrzeuge für den Transport zum Flugplatz stellen to provide door-to-airport limousine service;
• Kraftfahrzeug zur Verfügung stellen to provide a car;
• Kraftfahrzeug steuern to drive a car, to operate a motor vehicle (US);
• Kraftfahrzeug zulassen to licence to operate a motor vehicle;
• Kraftfahrzeugabgase car exhaust;
• Kraftfahrzeugabnahme auto trial;
• Kraftfahrzeugabteilung motor pool;
• Kraftfahrzeugamt Department of Motor Vehicles (US);
• Kraftfahrzeuganhänger trailer;
• Kraftfahrzeuganmeldung motor-vehicle registration;
• Kraftfahrzeugausstellung motor (auto) show;
• Kraftfahrzeugbau automobile (automotive, US) engineering, car manufacturing;
• Kraftfahrzeugbeförderung automobile transportation (US);
• Kraftfahrzeugbesitzer automobile (US) (car) owner;
• Kraftfahrzeugbestand car park, motor-vehicle ownership, number of vehicles registered;
• Kraftfahrzeugbetrieb automobile operation, (Firma) motorcar manufacturer (Br.);
• Kraftfahrzeugbranche automobile business;
• Kraftfahrzeugbrief motor-vehicle registration certificate (US);
• Kraftfahrzeugdichte traffic density;
• Kraftfahrzeugemission vehicle emission;
• Kraftfahrzeugerwerb motor-vehicle acquisition;
• Kraftfahrzeugführer driver of a motor vehicle, motor-vehicle driver, operator of a motor vehicle (US);
• Kraftfahrzeuggewerbe motor trade;
• Kraftfahrzeughaftpflichtkosten motorcar (auto) liability costs;
• allgemeine Kraftfahrzeughaftpflichtversicherung motorcar liability insurance, motor-vehicle liability (public liability motor, Br.) insurance;
• Kraftfahrzeughaftpflichtversicherungspolice standard automobile public liability policy (US);
• Kraftfahrzeughaftung automobile public liability (US);
• Kraftfahrzeughalter owner of an automobile (US), automobile (US) (car) owner, owner of a car, motor-vehicle owner;
• Kraftfahrzeughalter sein to use (own) a motor vehicle;
• Kraftfahrzeughalterhaftung für Familienangehörige family service (car) rule, family automobile (purpose) doctrine (US);
• Kraftfahrzeughaltung maintenance of an automobile (US);
• Kraftfahrzeughandel motor trade;
• Kraftfahrzeughändler dealer in motor vehicles, motorcar dealer (trader);
• Kraftfahrzeugindustrie motorcar (automobile, US, automotive, US) industry;
• Kraftfahrzeugingenieur motor engineer;
• Kraftfahrzeuginsassenversicherung motor-vehicle passenger insurance (Br.), medical payment coverage insurance (US);
• Kraftfahrzeugkennzeichen registration plate (Br.), license number (US);
• Kraftfahrzeugklasse class of a vehicle;
• Kraftfahrzeugkonzern vehicle group;
• Kraftfahrzeugkosten motorcar (automobile, US) expenses;
• Kraftfahrzeugkredit motorcar (auto) loan;
• Kraftfahrzeugkriminalität (Europol) motor vehicle crime;
• Kraftfahrzeugmarkt car market;
• Kraftfahrzeugpapiere automobile ownership documents, car (motor-vehicle) licence, motor-vehicle registration certificate (US);
• Kraftfahrzeugpark (Unternehmen) fleet, motor pool;
• Kraftfahrzeugpauschalsteuer flat-rate car-licence fee;
• Kraftfahrzeugpolice motor (automobile, US) policy;
• Kraftfahrzeugproduktion auto production;
• Kraftfahrzeugprogramm auto schedule;
• Kraftfahrzeugreparaturwerkstätte motor-vehicle (automobile, US) repair shop, motor repairs;
• Kraftfahrzeugsammelversicherung fleet insurance;
• Kraftfahrzeugschein motor-vehicle registration certificate (US), car licence;
• Kraftfahrzeugschlosser motor fitter, auto[mobile] mechanic (US);
• Kraftfahrzeugsektor motor-car industry;
• Kraftfahrzeugsteuer automobile (motor-vehicle, US, motor, Br.) tax, motor-vehicle duty (Br.);
• Kraftfahrzeugsteuereinkünfte motor-tax receipts;
• Kraftfahrzeugsteuerplakette tax disk;
• Kraftfahrzeugunfall automobile (US) (motor [-vehicle]) accident;
• Kraftfahrzeugunterhaltung auto maintenance;
• Kraftfahrzeugunterhaltungskosten automobile operating (motorcar) costs (US), motorcar expenses;
• Kraftfahrzeugverband motoring organization, car association;
• Kraftfahrzeugverkehr vehicular (motor[-vehicle]) traffic, motor transportation;
• gewerbsmäßiger Kraftfahrzeugverkehr commercial motoring and road transport;
• Kraftfahrzeugvermietung für Selbstfahrer self-drive cars for hire;
• Kraftfahrzeugversicherer auto insurer;
• Kraftfahrzeugversicherung [motor-]vehicle (US) (motor transportation, auto, automobile [collision], US, motor, motorcar, Br.) insurance, motor-vehicle duty (Br.);
• kombinierte Kraftfahrzeug- und Kaskoversicherung comprehensive motorcar insurance (Br.);
• Kraftfahrzeugversicherung unterhalten to carry a public liability motor insurance.

Business german-english dictionary > Kraftfahrzeug
5 abnehmen

(unreg., trennb., hat -ge-)

I v/t

1. (herunternehmen) take off (von etw. (from) s.th.); remove ( von from) (beide auch TECH.); (Hut, Mantel) auch take off; (Bild, Wäsche, Vorhang) auch take down; (Obst, Strauchfrüchte) pick

2. (Bein etc.) amputate, take off; (Bart) shave off; ( jemandem) Blut abnehmen take a blood sample (from s.o.)

3. (wegnehmen) jemandem etw. abnehmen take s.th. away from s.o.; jemandem den Führerschein abnehmen take s.o.’s driving licen|ce (Am. -se) away

4. umg. (verlangen) jemandem etw. abnehmen charge s.o. s.th. allg.; jemandem zu viel abnehmen overcharge s.o.

5. (von etw. befreien) jemandem etw. abnehmen (Aufgabe, Last, Sorge etc.) relieve s.o. of s.th.; darf ich Ihnen Ihre Tasche abnehmen? can I carry your bag for you?, may I help you with your bag?; kann ich dir etwas abnehmen? can I give you a hand with anything?; den Weg kann ich dir abnehmen I can save you the journey

6. WIRTS. (Ware) buy ( Dat from); (Lieferung) take delivery of; das nimmt ihm keiner ab umg., fig. (glaubt ihm keiner) nobody will buy that

7. (prüfen) inspect, test; TECH. accept; (Prüfung) hold; (Parade) take the salute (at a parade)

8. fig.: jemandem die Beichte abnehmen hear s.o.’s confession; jemandem einen Eid / ein Versprechen abnehmen make s.o. swear an oath / make a promise; jemandem die Fingerabdrücke abnehmen take ( oder get) s.o.’s fingerprints

II vt/i

1. (Gewicht verlieren) lose weight; durch Diät: be slimming (Am. dieting, reducing); 10 Pfund etc. abnehmen lose 10 pounds etc.

2. beim Stricken: (Maschen) decrease

3. ( den Hörer) abnehmen pick up the receiver, answer (the phone); nimmst du mal ab? can you get it?

III v/i decrease, decline, diminish, grow less; Kräfte, Leistungsvermögen: diminish, langsam: dwindle; Geschwindigkeit: slacken (off), slow down; Sturm: abate, subside; Macht, Begeisterung, Nachfrage, Anzahl etc.: decline, wane; Mond: (be on the) wane; Temperatur, Fieber, Todesfälle: drop, fall, subside; Druck, Erregung, Schwellung, Schmerzen, Spannung: subside, lessen, fall off; Helligkeit: fade, diminish; Kälte, Niveau: drop

* * *

(Bart) to shave off;

(Gewicht) to lose weight;

(Mond) to wane; to be on the wane;

(Telefon) to answer the phone; to answer the telephone;

(Ware) to take delivery of; to buy;

(akzeptieren) to accept;

(amputieren) to amputate; to take off;

(herunternehmen) to take off; to take down;

(sich verringern) to decrease; to decline; to fall; to lessen; to diminish;

(wegnehmen) to remove

* * *
ạb|neh|men sep
1. vt

1) (= herunternehmen) to take off, to remove; Hörer to lift, to pick up; (= lüften) Hut to raise; Vorhang, Bild, Wäsche to take down; Maschen to decrease; (= abrasieren) Bart to take or shave off; (= amputieren) to amputate; (CARDS ) Karte to take from the pile

das Telefon abnehmen — to answer the telephone

2)

(= an sich nehmen) jdm etw abnehmen — to take sth from sb, to relieve sb of sth (form); (fig) Arbeit, Sorgen to take sth off sb's shoulders, to relieve sb of sth

darf ich Ihnen den Mantel/die Tasche abnehmen? — can I take your coat/bag?

jdm die Beichte abnehmen — to hear confession from sb

jdm einen Eid abnehmen — to administer an oath to sb

jdm ein Versprechen abnehmen — to make sb promise something

jdm einen Weg abnehmen — to save sb a journey

jdm eine Besorgung abnehmen — to do some shopping for sb

3) (= wegnehmen) to take away (jdm from sb); (= rauben, abgewinnen) to take (jdm off sb); (inf = abverlangen) to take (jdm off sb)

jdm den Ball abnehmen (Sport) — to steal the ball from sb

diese Schweine haben mir alles abgenommen (inf) — the bastards have taken everything (I had) (sl)

4) (= begutachten) Gebäude, Wohnung, Auto to inspect; (= abhalten) Prüfung to hold; TÜV to carry out

5) (= abkaufen) to take (+dat off), to buy (+dat from, off)

6) Fingerabdrücke to take; Totenmaske to make (+dat of)

7) (fig inf = glauben) to buy (inf)

dieses Märchen nimmt dir keiner ab! (inf) — nobody will buy that tale! (inf)

2. vi

1) (= sich verringern) to decrease; (Vorräte) to go down, to decrease; (zahlenmäßig, mengenmäßig) to drop, to decrease; (Unfälle, Diebstähle etc) to decrease (in number); (Niveau) to go down, to decline; (Kräfte, Energie) to fail, to decline; (Fieber) to lessen, to go down; (Interesse, Nachfrage) to fall off, to decline; (Aufmerksamkeit) to fall off, to flag, to wane; (Mond) to wane; (Tage) to grow or get shorter; (beim Stricken) to decrease

(an Gewicht) abnehmen — to lose weight

in letzter Zeit hast du im Gesicht abgenommen — your face has got thinner recently

2) (TELEC) to answer

es hat keiner abgenommen — no-one answered

* * *

1) (to make or become less: Their numbers had decreased over the previous year.) decrease

2) (to unfasten or remove (from): I detached the bottom part of the form and sent it back.) detach

3) (to become smaller in number or amount: Audiences often fall off during the summer.) fall off

4) (to lose weight by dieting: I must reduce to get into that dress.) reduce

5) (the process or practice of trying to become slimmer: Slimming should be done carefully.) slimming

6) ((of the moon) to appear to become smaller as less of it is visible.) wane

* * *

ab|neh·men¹

irreg

I. vt

1. (abmachen)

▪ etw \abnehmen to take off sth sep; (herunternehmen) to take down sth sep

nehmen Sie bitte den Hut ab! please take your hat off!

bei der Jacke kann man die Kapuze \abnehmen the jacket has a detachable hood

sich dat den Bart \abnehmen to shave one's beard off

ein Bild/Vorhänge \abnehmen to take down a picture/curtains sep

ein Bild von der Wand \abnehmen to take a picture off the wall

den Deckel \abnehmen to take off the lid sep

die Wäsche von der Leine \abnehmen to take the washing off the line

nimm bitte draußen die Wäsche ab! can you get the washing in, please?

2. (hochheben)

den Hörer \abnehmen to pick up the receiver sep

das Telefon \abnehmen to answer the phone

3. MED (amputieren)

▪ jdm ein Arm/Bein \abnehmen to take off sep [or amputate] sb's arm/leg

das zerquetschte Bein musste ihm abgenommen werden they had to take off [or amputate] his crushed leg

4. (zusammenstricken)

zehn Maschen \abnehmen to decrease ten stitches

5. (entgegennehmen, tragen helfen)

▪ jdm etw \abnehmen:

kann ich dir was \abnehmen? can I carry something?

kannst du mir bitte kurz das Paket \abnehmen? could you take [or hold] the parcel for a moment?

kann ich dir die [o deine] Tasche \abnehmen? can I take [or carry] your bag?

darf ich Ihnen den Mantel \abnehmen? may I take your coat?

6. (fig: entgegennehmen)

jdm die Beichte \abnehmen to hear sb's confession

jdm einen Eid \abnehmen to administer an oath to sb

jdm Fingerabdrücke \abnehmen to take sb's fingerprints

jdm das Versprechen \abnehmen, etw zu tun to make sb promise to do sth

7. (wegnehmen)

▪ jdm etw \abnehmen to take sth from [or off] sb; (jds Eigentum stehlen, entziehen) to take sb's sth; (fig: abgewinnen) to win sth from sb; (fig: abverlangen) to charge sb sth

die Lehrerin nahm ihm sein Handy ab, weil er im Unterricht Nachrichten verschickte the teacher took his mobile off him because he was writing text messages in the lesson

er nahm seinem Gegenüber beim Poker große Summen ab he won a lot of money from his opponent at poker

jdm die [o seine] Brieftasche/Uhr \abnehmen to take sb's wallet/watch

jdm den Führerschein \abnehmen to withdraw sb's driving licence [or AM driver's license

8. (a. fig: abkaufen)

▪ jdm etw \abnehmen to buy sth from sb a. fig

niemand wollte ihm die Ladenhüter \abnehmen no one wanted to buy the line that was not selling from him

das [Märchen] nimmt dir keiner ab! (fig) nobody will buy that [fairy tale]! fig

9. (übernehmen)

▪ jdm etw \abnehmen to take sth off sb's shoulders

kann ich dir etwas \abnehmen? can I help you?

deine Arbeit kann ich dir nicht \abnehmen I can't do your work for you

kann ich dir die eine oder andere Besorgung \abnehmen? would you like me to do some of the shopping for you?

10. (begutachten und genehmigen)

ein Fahrzeug \abnehmen lassen to take a car for an MOT test

der Wagen konnte nicht abgenommen werden the car failed its MOT

ein Gebäude/eine Wohnung \abnehmen to pass a building/a flat after inspection

ein Gerät \abnehmen to accept an appliance

11. (abhalten)

eine Prüfung \abnehmen to hold an exam

II. vi

1. (Telefon) to answer [the phone], to pick up sep the phone

gestern nahm bei ihr niemand ab no one answered her phone yesterday

2. (beim Stricken, Häkeln) to decrease

ab|neh·men²

vi irreg

1. (Gewicht verlieren) to lose weight

fünf Kilo/einige Pfund \abnehmen to lose five kilo/a few pounds

im Gesicht/an den Hüften \abnehmen to lose weight in the face/on the hips

2. (sich verringern) to decrease; Nachfrage a. to fall

3. (nachlassen) to diminish; Fieber to go down; Aufmerksamkeit to wane; (sich verschlechtern) to deteriorate

durch die Krankheit nahmen ihre Kräfte immer mehr ab her strength continued to decrease due to her illness

bei zu hohen Preisen nimmt das Interesse der Kunden deutlich ab when the price is too high, customers lose interest

ihre Sehkraft nimmt immer mehr ab her eyesight is deteriorating more and more

4. Mond to wane; Tage to get shorter

bei \abnehmendem Mond during a waning moon

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) (entfernen) take off; remove; take down <picture, curtain, lamp>

jemandem das Bein abnehmen — take somebody's leg off

2) (übernehmen) take

jemandem den Koffer abnehmen — take somebody's suitcase [from him/her]

kann/darf ich Ihnen etwas abnehmen? — can/may I carry something for you?

jemandem seine Sorgen abnehmen — relieve somebody of his/her worries

3) (entgegennehmen)

jemandem ein Versprechen/einen Eid abnehmen — make somebody give a promise/swear an oath

jemandem die Beichte abnehmen — hear somebody's confession

eine Prüfung abnehmen — conduct an examination

4) (prüfen) inspect and approve; test and pass < vehicle>

5) (wegnehmen) take away <driving licence, passport>

jemandem etwas abnehmen — take something off somebody

6) (abverlangen)

jemandem etwas abnehmen — charge somebody something

7) (abkaufen)

jemandem etwas abnehmen — buy something from somebody

8) (ugs.): (glauben)

das nehme ich dir/ihm usw. nicht ab — I won't buy that (coll.)

9) (beim Telefon) pick up < receiver>; answer < telephone>

10) auch itr. (Handarb.) decrease
2.
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb

1) (ans Telefon gehen) answer the telephone

es nimmt niemand ab — there is no answer

2) (Gewicht verlieren) lose weight

sechs Kilo abnehmen — lose six kilos

3) (sich verringern) decrease; drop; <attention, interest> flag; < brightness> diminish; < moon> wane

wir haben abnehmenden Mond — there is a waning moon

* * *

abnehmen (irr, trennb, hat -ge-)

A. v/t

1. (herunternehmen) take off (

von etwas (from) sth); remove (

von from) ( beide auch TECH); (Hut, Mantel) auch take off; (Bild, Wäsche, Vorhang) auch take down; (Obst, Strauchfrüchte) pick

2. (Bein etc) amputate, take off; (Bart) shave off;

(jemandem) Blut abnehmen take a blood sample (from sb)

3. (wegnehmen)

jemandem etwas abnehmen take sth away from sb;

jemandem den Führerschein abnehmen take sb’s driving licence (US -se) away;

jemandem den Ball abnehmen steal the ball from sb

4. umg (verlangen)

jemandem etwas abnehmen charge sb sth allg;

jemandem zu viel abnehmen overcharge sb

5. (von etwas befreien)

jemandem etwas abnehmen (Aufgabe, Last, Sorge etc) relieve sb of sth;

darf ich Ihnen Ihre Tasche abnehmen? can I carry your bag for you?, may I help you with your bag?;

kann ich dir etwas abnehmen? can I give you a hand with anything?;

den Weg kann ich dir abnehmen I can save you the journey

6. WIRTSCH (Ware) buy (dat from); (Lieferung) take delivery of;

das nimmt ihm keiner ab umg, fig (glaubt ihm keiner) nobody will buy that

7. (prüfen) inspect, test; TECH accept; (Prüfung) hold; (Parade) take the salute (at a parade)

8. fig:

jemandem die Beichte abnehmen hear sb’s confession;

jemandem einen Eid/ein Versprechen abnehmen make sb swear an oath/make a promise;

jemandem die Fingerabdrücke abnehmen take ( oder get) sb’s fingerprints

B. v/t & v/i

1. (Gewicht verlieren) lose weight; durch Diät: be slimming (US dieting, reducing);

10 Pfund etc

abnehmen lose 10 pounds etc

2. beim Stricken: (Maschen) decrease

3.

(den Hörer) abnehmen pick up the receiver, answer (the phone);

nimmst du mal ab? can you get it?

C. v/i decrease, decline, diminish, grow less; Kräfte, Leistungsvermögen: diminish, langsam: dwindle; Geschwindigkeit: slacken (off), slow down; Sturm: abate, subside; Macht, Begeisterung, Nachfrage, Anzahl etc: decline, wane; Mond: (be on the) wane; Temperatur, Fieber, Todesfälle: drop, fall, subside; Druck, Erregung, Schwellung, Schmerzen, Spannung: subside, lessen, fall off; Helligkeit: fade, diminish; Kälte, Niveau: drop

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) (entfernen) take off; remove; take down <picture, curtain, lamp>

jemandem das Bein abnehmen — take somebody's leg off

2) (übernehmen) take

jemandem den Koffer abnehmen — take somebody's suitcase [from him/her]

kann/darf ich Ihnen etwas abnehmen? — can/may I carry something for you?

jemandem seine Sorgen abnehmen — relieve somebody of his/her worries

3) (entgegennehmen)

jemandem ein Versprechen/einen Eid abnehmen — make somebody give a promise/swear an oath

jemandem die Beichte abnehmen — hear somebody's confession

eine Prüfung abnehmen — conduct an examination

4) (prüfen) inspect and approve; test and pass < vehicle>

5) (wegnehmen) take away <driving licence, passport>

jemandem etwas abnehmen — take something off somebody

6) (abverlangen)

jemandem etwas abnehmen — charge somebody something

7) (abkaufen)

jemandem etwas abnehmen — buy something from somebody

8) (ugs.): (glauben)

das nehme ich dir/ihm usw. nicht ab — I won't buy that (coll.)

9) (beim Telefon) pick up < receiver>; answer < telephone>

10) auch itr. (Handarb.) decrease
2.
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb

1) (ans Telefon gehen) answer the telephone

es nimmt niemand ab — there is no answer

2) (Gewicht verlieren) lose weight

sechs Kilo abnehmen — lose six kilos

3) (sich verringern) decrease; drop; <attention, interest> flag; < brightness> diminish; < moon> wane

wir haben abnehmenden Mond — there is a waning moon

* * *

-ungen n.

abatement n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > abnehmen
6 moto

f.

motorbike, motorcycle (British).

* * *

moto

► nombre femenino

1 familiar (motocicleta) motorbike; (escúter) moped

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

como una moto familiar (inquieto) all excited 2 (loco) off one's trolley 3 (enfadado) fuming

■ cuando se enteró se puso como una moto he blew his top when he found out

moto acuática jet ski

* * *
I
SF (motor)bike

voy al trabajo en moto — I travel to work by (motor)bike

- ir como una moto

- ponerse como una moto

moto acuática, moto de agua — jet ski
II moto, -a
1. ADJ

1) CAm orphaned, abandoned

2) And tailless

2.

SM / F CAm orphan
mota
* * *

femenino ( motocicleta) motorcycle, motorbike (BrE); (motoneta, escúter) (motor) scooter

fue en moto — he went on his motorcycle

- moto acuática

- moto de nieve

* * *

= motorcycle, motorbike.

Ex. Chilton Book Company is probably the largest publisher of repair guides for automobiles and motorcycles, and there is no end to the clamor for these tools at a reference desk.

Ex. Remember, if you take the road test on your motorbike, scooter or moped, you will receive a driver's licence that allows you to operate these types of vehicles only.

----

* carrera de motos = motorcycle racing.

* ir en moto = bike.

* montar en moto = bike.

* moto acuática = jet-ski.

* vender la moto a Alguien = pull + the wool over + Posesivo + eyes.

* * *

femenino ( motocicleta) motorcycle, motorbike (BrE); (motoneta, escúter) (motor) scooter

fue en moto — he went on his motorcycle

- moto acuática

- moto de nieve

* * *

= motorcycle, motorbike.

Ex: Chilton Book Company is probably the largest publisher of repair guides for automobiles and motorcycles, and there is no end to the clamor for these tools at a reference desk.

Ex: Remember, if you take the road test on your motorbike, scooter or moped, you will receive a driver's licence that allows you to operate these types of vehicles only.

* carrera de motos = motorcycle racing.

* ir en moto = bike.

* montar en moto = bike.

* moto acuática = jet-ski.

* vender la moto a Alguien = pull + the wool over + Posesivo + eyes.

* * *

moto

feminine

(motocicleta) motorcycle, motorbike ( BrE); (motoneta, escúter) scooter, motor scooter

andar or montar en moto to ride a motorbike o motorcycle/scooter

fue hasta Alaska en moto he went to Alaska on his motorcycle

ponerse como una moto ( Esp fam) (acelerado) to get agitated o ( colloq) worked up; (loco) to go off one's head ( colloq); (en sentido sexual) to get horny ( colloq)

Compuestos:

● moto acuática

jet ski

● moto de nieve

snowmobile

* * *

moto sustantivo femenino ( motocicleta) motorcycle, motorbike (BrE);
(motoneta, escúter) (motor) scooter;
◊ fue en moto he went on his motorcycle

moto f Auto motorbike

' moto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
birlar
- guiar
- paquete
- pedazo
- pilotar
- piloto
- torta
- ventolera
- caballete
- cross
- cruzar
- encapricharse
- estrellar
- estribo
- jalar
- llevar
- motocross
- motorista
- puño
- traer
English:
bike
- dead
- dirt bike
- motorbike
- motorcycle
- part-payment
- ride
- rider
- scrambler
- motor
- pillion
- spin

* * *

moto¹ nf

motorbike, bike;

montar en moto to ride a motorbike;

Comp
Esp Fam
estar como una moto [loco] to be off one's head;
[nervioso] to be hyper; [excitado] to be out of one's face;
Comp
Fam
ir como una moto to go full tilt

Comp
moto acuática jet ski;
moto de carreras racing bike;

moto náutica jet ski

moto², -a adj
Bol Fam
1. [romo] blunt

2. [mutilado]
tiene un dedo moto she's lost a finger, she has a finger missing

* * *

moto

f motorcycle, motorbike;

ir/estar como una moto fig fam be very agitated, Br tb

be in a flat spin

* * *

moto nf

: motorcycle, motorbike

* * *

moto n motorbike

Spanish-English dictionary > moto
7 обязательная лицензия

1) Law: compulsory licence

2) Patents: flat license

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > обязательная лицензия
8 ausweisen

ausweisen v 1. RW disclose, post, show on the books, recognize, show (in the balance sheet), report (in the balance sheet) (in der Bilanz ansetzen, bilanzieren); 2. POL, RECHT expel, deport (Ausländer) • in der Bilanz ausweisen RW show in the balance sheet • in der Bilanz getrennt ausweisen RW show separately in the balance sheet • zum Kurswert ausweisen RW report at market value
* * *

v < Rechnung> in der Bilanz disclose, post, report, show on the books, recognize
--------
: sich ausweisen

< Recht> prove one's identity

* * *
ausweisen
(Ausländer) to deport, to expel, (im Bebauungsplan) to allocate, (in Büchern) to give account on, (verbannen) to exile, to banish;
• j. ausweisen to proof s. one’s identity;
• sich ausweisen to identify o. s., to prove one’s identity, to produce one’s papers;
• im zweiten Quartal Betriebsgewinne ausweisen to post flat operating earnings for the second quarter;
• sich mit seinem Führerschein ausweisen to prove one’s identity with one’s driving licence;
• sich als guter Geschäftsmann ausweisen to prove o. s. a good businessman;
• Saldo ausweisen to turn out (show) a balance;
• Saldo von 100 Dollar zu Ihren Gunsten ausweisen to leave (present) a balance of $100 to your credit;
• Verlust ausweisen to show a loss.

Business german-english dictionary > ausweisen
9 Kraftfahrzeugpauschalsteuer

Kraftfahrzeugpauschalsteuer
flat-rate car-licence fee

Business german-english dictionary > Kraftfahrzeugpauschalsteuer
10 chapa

f.

1 sheet, plate (lámina) (de metal).

taller de chapa y pintura body shop

chapa ondulada corrugated iron

2 top, cap.

juego de las chapas = children's game played with bottle tops

3 badge (insignia).

4 lock (cerradura). (Colombian Spanish, Cuban Spanish, Mexican Spanish)

5 numberplate (British), license plate (United States). ( River Plate)

6 veneer, plating, ply.

7 chappa, skin disease characterized by subcutaneous nodules.

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: chapar.

* * *

chapa

► nombre femenino

1 (de metal) sheet, plate

2 (de madera) panel, sheet; (enchapado) veneer; (contrachapado) plywood

3 (tapón) bottle top, cap

4 (ficha metálica) metal tag, tally, token

5 (medalla) badge, disc

6 familiar figurado (sentido común) common sense

7 AUTOMÓVIL bodywork

► nombre femenino plural chapas

1 game sing of tossing up coins

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estar sin chapa familiar to be penniless

chapa de identificación MILITAR identity disc

chapa ondulada corrugated iron

* * *

SF

1) (=material) sheet metal

la escultura incorpora chapa y madera — the sculpture includes sheet metal and wood

2) (=lámina)

una chapa de metal — a metal sheet, a sheet of metal

una chapa de madera — a wooden panel

una chapa de acero — a steel plate

la chapa del coche — the panel of the car

una mesa revestida con chapa de nogal — a table covered with a walnut veneer

chapa acanalada, chapa ondulada — corrugated iron (sheet)

3) [de policía] badge; [de adorno] badge

lleva la cazadora llena de chapas — he has badges all over his jacket

4) [de botella] cap, top

5) Cono Sur [de matrícula]

chapa de patente — licence o (EEUU) license plate

6) pl chapas (=juego) game of throwing bottle tops

7) Esp ** one-hundred-peseta coin

- estar sin chapa

8)

- hacer chapas

9) LAm (=cerradura) lock; (=tirador) (door) handle

10)

hombre de chapa — † sensible man

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( plancha - de metal) sheet; (- de madera) panel

techo de chapa — corrugated iron roof

b) ( lámina de madera) veneer

c) ( carrocería) bodywork

2)

a) ( distintivo) badge; ( de policía) shield (AmE), badge (BrE); ( con el nombre) nameplate; ( de perro) identification disc o tag

b) (RPl) ( de matrícula) license plate (AmE), numberplate (BrE)

3) ( de botella) cap, top

4) (AmL) ( cerradura) lock

5) chapas femenino plural (AmL fam) ( en las mejillas)

le salieron chapas — ( por vergüenza) her cheeks flushed (red); ( por el aire fresco) her cheeks were red o rosy

6) (AmC fam) ( joya) earring; ( dentadura postiza) false teeth (pl)

* * *

----

* chapa de acero = steel sheet.

* chapa de metal = sheet iron.

* taller de chapa y pintura = bodywork workshop, bodywork garage.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( plancha - de metal) sheet; (- de madera) panel

techo de chapa — corrugated iron roof

b) ( lámina de madera) veneer

c) ( carrocería) bodywork

2)

a) ( distintivo) badge; ( de policía) shield (AmE), badge (BrE); ( con el nombre) nameplate; ( de perro) identification disc o tag

b) (RPl) ( de matrícula) license plate (AmE), numberplate (BrE)

3) ( de botella) cap, top

4) (AmL) ( cerradura) lock

5) chapas femenino plural (AmL fam) ( en las mejillas)

le salieron chapas — ( por vergüenza) her cheeks flushed (red); ( por el aire fresco) her cheeks were red o rosy

6) (AmC fam) ( joya) earring; ( dentadura postiza) false teeth (pl)

* * *

* chapa de acero = steel sheet.

* chapa de metal = sheet iron.

* taller de chapa y pintura = bodywork workshop, bodywork garage.

* * *

chapa

feminine

A

1 (plancha — de metal) sheet; (— de madera) panel

una casa humilde de techo de chapa a humble house with a corrugated iron roof

colocar sobre chapa enmantecada ( RPl); place on a greased baking sheet o ( BrE) tray

2 (lámina de madera) veneer

3 (carrocería) bodywork

hubo que hacerle chapa y pintura they had to repair the bodywork and respray it

B

1 (prendedor) badge

2 (de un policía) shield ( AmE), badge ( BrE)

3 (de un profesional) nameplate, plaque

4 (de un perro) identification disc o tag

5 ( RPl) (de matrícula) license plate ( AmE), numberplate ( BrE)

C

1 (de una botella) cap, top

2 chapas fpl ( Jueg) game played with bottle tops

D ( AmL) (cerradura) lock

E ( Esp arg) (relación sexual) trick (sl)

para vivir hacen chapas they live by prostitution o (sl) by turning tricks

F chapas fpl

( AmL fam) (en las mejillas): le han salido chapas her cheeks are all flushed

el aire fresco le había sacado or encendido las chapas his cheeks were red o rosy from being out in the fresh air

G ( Ven fam) (burla, broma) leg-pulling ( colloq)

¡deja ya esa chapa! stop pulling my leg! ( colloq)

H ( AmC fam)

1 (pendiente) earring

2 (dentadura postiza) false teeth (pl)

* * *

Del verbo chapar: ( conjugate chapar)

chapa es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
chapa
chapar
chapa sustantivo femenino
1
a) ( plancha — de metal) sheet;

(— de madera) panel
b) ( lámina de madera) veneer

c) ( carrocería) bodywork

2
a) ( distintivo) badge;

( de policía) shield (AmE), badge (BrE);
( con el nombre) nameplate;
( de perro) identification disc o tag
b) (RPl) ( de matrícula) license plate (AmE), numberplate (BrE)

3 ( de botella) cap, top
4 (AmL) ( cerradura) lock
5
◊ chapas sustantivo femenino plural (AmL fam) ( en las mejillas): le salieron chapas ( por vergüenza) her cheeks flushed (red);

( por el aire fresco) her cheeks were red
6 (AmC fam) ( joya) earring;
( dentadura postiza) false teeth (pl)
chapa sustantivo femenino
1 (lámina) sheet, plate
(de un coche) bodywork
2 (de una botella) bottle top, cap
3 (insignia) pin, badge
4 LAm (cerradura) lock
chapar
I vi fam (estudiar mucho) to cram
II verbo transitivo to plate
' chapa' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
chapetes
- zinc
English:
badge
- cap
- plate
- sheet
- veneer
- corrugated
- license
- lock
- number
- ply

* * *

chapa nf

1. [lámina] [de metal] sheet, plate;
[de madera] board
Comp
chapa ondulada corrugated iron
2. [de vehículo] bodywork;

taller de chapa y pintura body shop

3. [de botella] top, cap;

juego de las chapas = children's game played with bottle tops

4. [insignia] [de policía] badge;

el perro lleva una chapa identificativa en el collar the dog has an identity tag o disc on its collar

5. RP [de matrícula] Br numberplate, US license plate

6. Col, Cuba, Méx [cerradura] lock

7. Esp Fam

Comp

no ha dado o [m5] pegado ni chapa he hasn't done a stroke (of work);

no tener ni chapa [ni idea] not to have a clue;
[dinero] to be flat broke
* * *

chapa

f

1 ( tapón) cap

2 ( plancha) sheet (of metal)

3 de madera veneer

4 ( insignia) badge

5 AUTO bodywork

6 Rpl
AUTO license plate, Br
number plate

7 Méx ( cerradura) lock

* * *

chapa nf

1) : sheet, panel, veneer

2) : lock

3) : badge

* * *

chapa n

1. (metal) sheet metal

2. (tapón) bottle top

3. (insignia) badge

Spanish-English dictionary > chapa
11 niveau

niveau (plural niveaux) [nivo]

1. masculine noun

   a. level

• le niveau de l'eau the water level

• cent mètres au-dessus du niveau de la mer a hundred metres above sea level

• de niveau level

• de niveau avec level with

• au même niveau que level with

• mettre qch de niveau to make sth level

• il faut se mettre au niveau des enfants you have to put yourself on the same level as the children

• au niveau européen at the European level

• négociations au plus haut niveau top-level negotiations

• athlète de haut niveau top athlete

• des candidats ayant le niveau licence candidates at degree level

• le euro a atteint son niveau le plus haut depuis trois ans the euro has reached its highest point for three years

► au niveau de

• au niveau du sol at ground level

• la neige m'arrivait au niveau des genoux the snow came up to my knees

• une tache au niveau du coude a mark on the elbow

• il s'arrêta au niveau du village he stopped once he got to the village

   b. [de connaissances, études] standard

• le niveau d'instruction baisse educational standards are falling

• cet élève est d'un bon niveau this pupil's work is of a high standard

• il n'est pas au niveau he isn't up to standard

• ils ne sont pas du même niveau they're not of the same standard

• il n'y a pas de cours à son niveau there are no courses at his level

• remettre à niveau to bring up to standard

• stage de remise à niveau refresher course

• les préparatifs de passage à l'euro au niveau de l'entreprise preparations at company level for adopting the euro

   c. ( = instrument) level ; ( = jauge) gauge

2. compounds

► niveau de langue register

► niveau social social standing

► niveau sonore noise level

► niveau de vie standard of living

* * *

pl niveaux nivo nom masculin

1) ( hauteur) level

niveau de l'eau/d'huile — water/oil level

au niveau du sol — at ground level

être de niveau — to be level

arrivé au niveau du bus — when he drew level with the bus

au niveau du cou — [blessures] in the neck region

accroc au niveau du genou — tear at the knee

2) ( étage) storey GB, story US

bâtiment sur deux niveaux — two-storey GB ou two-story US building

3) ( degré) ( d'intelligence) level; ( de connaissances) standard

niveau intellectuel — intellectual level

‘niveau bac + 3’ — baccalaureate or equivalent plus 3 years' higher education

remettre quelqu'un à niveau — to bring somebody up to the required standard

de haut niveau — [athlète] top (épith); [candidat] high-calibre [BrE] (épith)

niveau des salaires — wage levels (pl)

4) ( échelon) level

au plus haut niveau — [discussion] top-level (épith)

les négociations se dérouleront au plus haut niveau — there will be negotiations at the highest level

5) Linguistique register

6) ( instrument) level

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- niveau de langue

- niveau social

- niveau sonore

- niveau de vie

* * *
nivo
niveaux pl nm

1) (spatialement, d'un taux) level

Le niveau de l'eau a baissé. — The water level has gone down.

de niveau — level

de niveau avec — level with

au niveau de — at the level of

le niveau de la mer — sea level

2) (= étage) level

parking à plusieurs niveaux — multistorey car park

3) (qualitatif) level

Ces deux enfants n'ont pas le même niveau. — These two children aren't at the same level.

au niveau de (personne, travail) — on a level with

au niveau national — at national level

au niveau régional — at regional level

4) [programme, enseignement] standard

niveau d'études — level of qualifications

avoir le niveau bac + 2 — to have the baccalauréat plus 2 years' higher education

5) (= outil) level

* * *

niveau, pl niveaux nm

1 ( hauteur) level; niveau de l'eau/d'huile water/oil level; au niveau du sol/de la chaussée at ground/street level; être de niveau to be level; mettre de niveau to make [sth] level; dix mètres au-dessus/au-dessous du niveau de la mer ten metres^GB above/below sea level; être au même niveau que to be level with; arrivé au niveau du car when he drew level with the coach GB ou bus; l'eau nous arrivait au niveau des chevilles/genoux the water came up to our ankles/knees; au niveau du cou/de l'abdomen [blessures] in the neck/abdominal region; accroc au niveau du genou tear at the knee;

2 ( étage) storey GB, story US; bâtiment sur deux niveaux two-storey GB ou two-story US building;

3 ( degré) ( d'intelligence) level; ( de connaissances) standard; niveau culturel/intellectuel cultural/intellectual level; niveau d'éducation/de formation standard of education/of training; niveau bac○ baccalaureate or equivalent; ‘niveau bac + 3’ baccalaureate or equivalent plus 3 years' higher education; au-dessous du niveau exigé pour below the required standard for; niveau de production/d'inflation level of production/of inflation; d'un bon niveau of a good standard; mettre à niveau Ordinat to upgrade; mise à niveau Ordinat upgrade; remise à niveau ( d'élève) recap, refresher; remettre qn à niveau to bring sb up to the required standard; se mettre au niveau de qn to put oneself on the same level as sb; de haut niveau [équipe, athlète] top ( épith); [candidat] high-calibre^GB ( épith); niveau des revenus/salaires income/wage levels (pl);

4 ( échelon) level; à tous les niveaux at every level; au niveau national/européen at national/European level; au plus haut niveau [discussion, intervention] top-level ( épith); les négociations se dérouleront au plus haut niveau there will be negotiations at the highest level; au niveau de la commercialisation/des investissements controv as regards marketing/investment;

5 Ling register; niveau familier/soutenu informal/formal register;

6 Tech ( instrument) level.

Composés

niveau (à bulle d'air) spirit level; niveau de langue Ling register; niveau à lunette theodolite; niveau de maçon mason's level; niveau de rémunération wage level; niveau social social status; niveau sonore Audio sound level; niveau de vie Écon standard of living, living standards.

( pluriel masculin niveaux) [nivo] nom masculin

1. [hauteur] level

vérifie les niveaux d'eau et d'huile check the oil and water levels

fixer les étagères au même niveau que la cheminée put up the shelves level with ou on the same level as the mantelpiece

2. [étage] level, storey

un parking à trois niveaux a car park on three levels

3. [degré] level

la production atteint son plus haut niveau production is reaching its peak

la natalité n'est jamais tombée à un niveau aussi bas the birth rate is at an all-time low ou at its lowest level ever

la décision a été prise au plus haut niveau the decision was made at the highest level

niveau social social level

niveau de langue LINGUISTIQUE register

4. [étape] level, stage

5. [qualité] level, standard

son niveau scolaire est-il bon? is she doing well at school?

j'ai un bon niveau/un niveau moyen en russe I'm good/average at Russian

les élèves sont tous du même niveau the pupils are all on a par ou on the same level

vous n'avez pas le niveau requis you don't have the required standard

la recherche de haut niveau high-level research

niveau de vie standard of living

6. GÉOGRAPHIE level

niveau de la mer sea level

7. MINES level, drift

[galerie] gallery, flat slope

8. INDUSTRIE DU PÉTROLE level

9. PHYSIQUE level

niveau (d'énergie) energy level

10. TÉLÉCOMMUNICATIONS

niveau d'un signal signal level

11. [instrument] level (tube)

niveau à bulle (d'air) spirit level

niveau d'eau water level

————————

au niveau locution adjectivale

up to standard, of the required level

dans deux mois, vous serez au niveau in two months' time you'll have caught up

————————

au niveau locution adverbiale

se mettre au niveau to catch up

————————

au niveau de locution prépositionnelle

1. [dans l'espace]

au niveau de la mer at sea level

l'eau lui arrivait au niveau du genou the water came up to his knees

je ressens une douleur au niveau de la hanche I've got a pain in my hip

au niveau du carrefour vous tournez à droite when you come to the crossroads, turn right

j'habite à peu près au niveau de l'église I live by the church

2. [dans une hiérarchie] on a par with, at the level of

ce problème sera traité au niveau du syndicat this problem will be dealt with at union level

————————

de niveau locution adjectivale

level

les deux terrains ne sont pas de niveau the two plots of land are not level (with each other)

la terrasse est de niveau avec le salon the terrace is (on a) level with ou on the same level as the lounge

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > niveau
12 cuota

cuota

nf

instalment n, quota n, share n, effect n, payment n, toll n

cuota de comisión commission fee

[lang name="SpanishTraditionalSort"]cuota fija, tasa de interés fija (LAm) flat rate

[lang name="SpanishTraditionalSort"]cuota inicial, pie (LAm) down payment

cuota de licencia licence fee

cuota de mercado market share

cuotas fijas standing charges

plazo, cuota

(LAm)

nm, nf instalment n, payment n, time limit, n, installment (US) n

a largo plazo long-haul, long-range, long-term

largo plazo long term

plazo de entrega delivery time, lead time

plazo de preaviso term of notice

plazo de tiempo time frame

Spanish-English Business Glossary > cuota
13 tasa

tasa

nf

toll n, tax n, rate n, valuation n

tasa de abandono wastage rate

tasa de acumulación rate of accrual

tasa base base rate, base lending rate, basic rate

tasa de beneficios decreciente falling rate of profit

tasa de cambio flexible flexible exchange rate

tasa de crecimiento growth rate

tasa de crecimiento anual annual growth rate

tasa de inflación rate of inflation

tasa de interés bank rate, interest rate

tasa de interés fija flat rate

tasa de licencia licence fee

tasa Lombard Lombard Rate

tasa natural de incremento natural rate of increase

tasa normal basic rate

[lang name="SpanishTraditionalSort"]tasa de paro, tasa de cesantía (LAm) rate of unemployment

tasa de rendimiento rate of return

tasa de rendimiento justa fair rate of return

tasa de rentabilidad rate of return

tasa variable variable rate

Spanish-English Business Glossary > tasa
14 входная плата

1. entrance fee

взыскивать плату — exact fees

за отдельную плату — for a fee

плата за витрину — display fee

абонентская плата — licence fee

плата за лицензию — license fee

2. admission charge

брать плату — charge

плата за — charge per

особая плата — extra charge

твердая плата — flat charge

плата за кредит — loan charge

3. gate-money

Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > входная плата
15 Claudet, Antoine François Jean

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

[br]

b. 12 August 1797 France

d. 27 December 1867 London, England

[br]

French pioneer photographer and photographic inventor in England.

[br]

He began his working life in banking but soon went into glassmaking and in 1829 he moved to London to open a glass warehouse. On hearing of the first practicable photographic processes in 1834, Claudet visited Paris, where he received instruction in the daguerreotype process from the inventor Daguerre, and purchased a licence to operate in England. On returning to London he began to sell daguerreotype views of Paris and Rome, but was soon taking and selling his own views of London. At this time exposures could take as long as thirty minutes and portraiture from life was impracticable. Claudet was fascinated by the possibilities of the daguerreotype and embarked on experiments to improve the process. In 1841 he published details of an accelerated process and took out a patent proposing the use of flat painted backgrounds and a red light in dark-rooms. In June of that year Claudet opened the second daguerreotype portrait studio in London, just three months after his rival, Richard Beard. He took stereoscopic photographs for Wheatstone as early as 1842, although it was not until the 1850s that stereoscopy became a major interest. He suggested and patented several improvements to viewers derived from Brewster's pattern.

Claudet was also one of the first photographers to practise professionally Talbot's calotype process. He became a personal friend of Talbot, one of the few from whom the inventor was prepared to accept advice. Claudet died suddenly in London following an accident that occurred when he was alighting from an omnibus. A memoir produced shortly after his death lists over forty scientific papers relating to his researches into photography.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

FRS 1853.

Further Reading

"The late M.Claudet", 1868, Photographic News 12:3 (obituary).

"A.Claudet, FRS, a memoir", 1968, (reprinted from The Scientific Review), London: British Association (a fulsome but valuable Victorian view of Claudet).

H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London (a comprehensive account of Claudet's daguerreotype work).

H.J.P.Arnold, 1977, William Henry Fox Talbot, London (provides details of Claudet's relationship with Talbot).

JW

Biographical history of technology > Claudet, Antoine François Jean
16 Moulton, Alexander

SUBJECT AREA: Automotive engineering, Land transport

[br]

b. 9 April 1920 Stratford-on-Avon

[br]

English inventor of vehicle suspension systems and the Moulton bicycle.

[br]

He spent his childhood at The Hall in Bradfordon-Avon. He was educated at Marlborough College, and in 1937 was apprenticed to the Sentinel Steam Wagon Company of Shrewsbury. About that same time he went to King's College, Cambridge, where he took the Mechanical Sciences Tripos. It was then wartime, and he did research on aero-engines at the Bristol Aeroplane Company, where he became Personal Assistant to Sir Roy Fedden. He left Bristol's in 1945 to join his family firm, Spencer \& Moulton, of which he eventually became Technical Director and built up the Research Department. In 1948 he invented his first suspension unit, the "Flexitor", in which an inner shaft and an outer shell were separated by an annular rubber body which was bonded to both.

In 1848 his great-grandfather had founded the family firm in an old woollen mill, to manufacture vulcanized rubber products under Charles Goodyear's patent. The firm remained a family business with Spencer's, consultants in railway engineering, until 1956 when it was sold to the Avon Rubber Company. He then formed Moulton Developments to continue his work on vehicle suspensions in the stables attached to The Hall. Sponsored by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and the Dunlop Rubber Company, he invented a rubber cone spring in 1951 which was later used in the BMC Mini (see Issigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine): by 1994 over 4 million Minis had been fitted with these springs, made by Dunlop. In 1954 he patented the Hydrolastic suspension system, in which all four wheels were independently sprung with combined rubber springs and damper assembly, the weight being supported by fluid under pressure, and the wheels on each side being interconnected, front to rear. In 1962 he formed Moulton Bicycles Ltd, having designed an improved bicycle system for adult use. The conventional bicycle frame was replaced by a flat-sided oval steel tube F-frame on a novel rubber front and rear suspension, with the wheel size reduced to 41 cm (16 in.) with high-pressure tyres. Raleigh Industries Ltd having refused his offer to produce the Moulton Bicycle under licence, he set up his own factory on his estate, producing 25,000 bicycles between 1963 and 1966. In 1967 he sold out to Raleigh and set up as Bicycle Consultants Ltd while continuing the suspension development of Moulton Developments Ltd. In the 1970s the combined firms employed some forty staff, nearly 50 per cent of whom were graduates.

He won the Queen's Award for Industry in 1967 for technical innovation in Hydrolastic car suspension and the Moulton Bicycle. Since that time he has continued his innovative work on suspensions and the bicycle. In 1983 he introduced the AM bicycle series of very sophisticated space-frame design with suspension and 43 cm (17 in.) wheels; this machine holds the world speed record fully formed at 82 km/h (51 mph). The current Rover 100 and MGF use his Hydragas interconnected suspension. By 1994 over 7 million cars had been fitted with Moulton suspensions. He has won many design awards and prizes, and has been awarded three honorary doctorates of engineering. He is active in engineering and design education.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Queen's Award for Industry 1967; CBE; RDI. Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Further Reading

P.R.Whitfield, 1975, Creativity in Industry, London: Penguin Books.

IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Moulton, Alexander
17 Robinson, George J.

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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b. 1712 Scotland

d. 1798 England

[br]

Scottish manufacturer who installed the first Boulton \& Watt rotative steam-engine in a textile mill.

[br]

George Robinson is said to have been a Scots migrant who settled at Burwell, near Nottingham, in 1737, but there is no record of his occupation until 1771, when he was noticed as a bleacher. By 1783 he and his son were describing themselves as "merchants and thread manufacturers" as well as bleachers. For their thread, they were using the system of spinning on the waterframe, but it is not known whether they held a licence from Arkwright. Between 1776 and 1791, the firm G.J. \& J.Robinson built a series of six cotton mills with a complex of dams and aqueducts to supply them in the relatively flat land of the Leen valley, near Papplewick, to the north of Nottingham. By careful conservation they were able to obtain considerable power from a very small stream. Castle mill was not only the highest one owned by the Robinsons, but it was also the highest mill on the stream and was fed from a reservoir. The Robinsons might therefore have expected to have enjoyed uninterrupted use of the water, but above them lived Lord Byron in his estate of Newstead Priory. The fifth Lord Byron loved making ornamental ponds on his property so that he could have mock naval battles with his servants, and this tampered with the water supplies so much that the Robinsons found they were unable to work their mills.

In 1785 they decided to order a rotative steam engine from the firm of Boulton \& Watt. It was erected by John Rennie; however, misfortune seemed to dog this engine, for parts went astray to Manchester and when the engine was finally running at the end of February 1786 it was found to be out of alignment so may not have been very successful. At about the same time, the lawsuit against Lord Byron was found in favour of the Robinsons, but the engine continued in use for at least twelve years and was the first of the type which was to power virtually all steamdriven mills until the 1850s to be installed in a textile mill. It was a low-pressure double-acting condensing beam engine, with a vertical cylinder, parallel motion connecting the piston toone end of a rocking beam, and a connecting rod at the other end of the beam turning the flywheel. In this case Watt's sun and planet motion was used in place of a crank.

[br]

Further Reading

R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (for an account of the installation of this engine).

D.M.Smith, 1965, Industrial Archaeology of the East Midlands, Newton Abbot (describes the problems which the Robinsons had with the water supplies to power their mills).

S.D.Chapman, 1967, The Early Factory Masters, Newton Abbot (provides details of the business activities of the Robinsons).

J.D.Marshall, 1959, "Early application of steam power: the cotton mills of the Upper Leen", Transactions of the Thoroton Society of Nottinghamshire 60 (mentions the introduction of this steam-engine).

RLH

Biographical history of technology > Robinson, George J.

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